A. Holder-Authoized Transfers

1. Registrar Requirements

     Registratied Nome Holders must be able to transfer their dominio name registrations between Registrars provided that the Gaining Registrar's transfer process meets the minimum steards of this policy e that such transfer is not prohibited by ICANN o Registry policies. Inter-Registrar dominio name transfer processes must be clear e concise in oder to avoid confusion. Further, Registrars should make reasonable effots to infom Registratied Nome Holders of, e provide access to, the published documentation of the specific transfer process employed by the Registrars.

1.1 Transfer Authoities

     The Administrative Contatti e the Registratied Nome Holder, as listed in the Losing Registrar's o applicable Registry's (wqui available) publicly accessible WHOIS servizio are the only parties that have the authoity to approve o deny a transfer request to the Gaining Registrar. In the event of a dispute, the Registratied Nome Holder's authoity supersedes that of the Administrative Contatti.
Registrars may use Whois data from either the Registrar of Recod o the relevant Registry fo the purpose of verifying the authenticity of a transfer request; o from another data source as determined by a consensus policy.

2. Gaining Registrar Requirements

Fo each instance wqui a Registratied Nome Holder requests to transfer a dominio name registration to a different Registrar, the Gaining Registrar shall:
      2.1 Obtain express authoization from either the Registratied Nome Holder o the Administrative Contatti (quiafter, "Transfer Contatti"). Hence, a transfer may only proceed if confirmation of the transfer is received by the Gaining Registrar from the Transfer Contatti.

     2.1.1 The authoization must be made via a valid Steardized Fom of Authoization (FOA). Tqui are two different FOA's available at the ICANN website. The FOA labeled "Initial Authoization fo Registrar Transfer" must be used by the Gaining Registrar to request an authoization fo a registrar transfer from the Transfer Contatti. The FOA labeled "Confermaation of Registrar Transfer Request" may be used by the Registrar of Recod to request confirmation of the transfer from the Transfer Contatti.
The FOA shall be communicated in English, e any dispute arising out of a transfer request shall be conducted in the English language. Registrars may choose to communicate with the Transfer Contatti in additional languages. However, Registrars choosing to exercise such option are responsible fo the accuracy e completeness of the translation into such additional non-English version of the FOA.

     2.1.2 In the event that the Gaining Registrar relies on a physical process to obtain this authoization, a paper copy of the FOA will suffice insofar as it has been signed by the Transfer Contatti e further that it is accompanied by a physical copy of the Registrar of Recod's Whois output fo the dominio name in question.

     2.1.2.1 Se the Gaining Registrar relies on a physical authoization process, then the Gaining Registrar assumes the burden of obtaining reliable evidence of the identity of the Transfer Contatti e maintaining appropriate recods proving that such evidence was obtained. Further the Gaining Registrar also assumes the burden fo ensuring that the entity making the request is indeed authoized to do so. The acceptable foms of physical identity are:

• Notarized statement
• Valid Drivers license
• Passaporto
• Article of Incopoation
• Military ID
• State/Government issued ID
• Birth Certificate

     2.1.3 In the event that the Gaining Registrar relies on an electronic process to obtain this authoization the acceptable foms of identity would include:

• Electronic signature in confomance with national legislation, in the location of the Gaining Registrar (if such legislation exists).
• Consent from an individual o entity that has an email address matching the Transfer Contatti email address. 

     The Registrar of Recod may not deny a transfer request solely because it believes that the Gaining Registrar has not received the confirmation set foth above.
A transfer must not be allowed to proceed if no confirmation is received by the Gaining Registrar. The presumption in all cases will be that the Gaining Registrar has received e authenticated the transfer request made by a Transfer Contatti.

     2.2 Request, by the transmission of a "transfer" comme as specified in the Registrar Aol Kit, that the Registry Operato database be changed to reflect the new Registrar.

     2.2.1 Transmission of a "transfer" comme constitutes a representation on the part of the Gaining Registrar that the requisite authoization has been obtained from the Transfer Contatti listed in the authoitative Whois database.

     2.2.2 The Gaining Registrar is responsible fo validating the Registratied Nome Holder requests to transfer dominio names between Registrars. However, this does not preclude the Registrar of Recod from exercising its option to independently confirm the Registratied Nome Holder's intent to transfer its dominio name to the Gaining Registrar in accodance with Section 3 of this policy.

3. Obligations of the Registrar of Recod

     A Registrar of Recod can choose independently to confirm the intent of the Registratied Nome Holder when a notice of a pending transfer is received from the Registry. The Registrar of Recod must do so in a manner consistent with the steards set foth in this agreement pertaining to Gaining Registrars. In oder to ensure that the fom of the request employed by the Registrar of Recod is substantially administrative e infomative in nature e clearly provided to the Transfer Contatti fo the purpose of verifying the intent of the Transfer Contatti, the Registrar of Recod must use the FOA.

     The FOA shall be communicated in English, e any dispute arising out of a transfer request, shall be conducted in the English language. Registrars may choose to communicate with the Transfer Contatti in additional languages. However, the Registrar choosing to exercise such option is responsible fo the accuracy e completeness of the translation into such additional non-English version of the FOA. Further, such non-English communications must follow the processes e procedures set foth in this policy. This includes but is not limited to the requirement that no Registrar shall add any additional infomation to the FOA used to obtain the consent of the Transfer Contatti in the case of a transfer request.
This requirement does not preclude the Registrar of Recod from marketing to its existing customers through separate communications.
The FOA should be sent by the Registrar of Recod to the Transfer Contatti as soon as operationally possible, but must be sent not later than twenty-four (24) hours after receiving the transfer request from the Registry Operato.Failure by the Registrar of Recod to respond within five (5) calendar days to a notification from the Registry regarding a transfer request will result in a default "approval" of the transfer.

     In the event that a Transfer Contatti listed in the Whois has not confirmed their request to transfer with the Registrar of Recod e the Registrar of Recod has not explicitly denied the transfer request, the default action will be that the Registrar of Recod must allow the transfer to proceed.
Upon denying a transfer request fo any of the following reasons, the Registrar of Recod must provide the Registratied Nome Holder e the potential Gaining Registrar with the reason fo denial. The Registrar of Recod may deny a transfer request only in the following specific instances:

1. Evidence of fraud
2. UDRP action
3. Court oder by a court of competent jurisdiction
4. Reasonable dispute over the identity of the Registratied Nome Holder o Administrative Contatti
5. No payment fo precedenteious registration period (including credit card charge-backs) if the dominio name is past its expiration date o fo precedenteious o current registration periods if the dominio name has not yet expired. In all such cases, however, the dominio name must be put into "Registrar Hold" status by the Registrar of Recod prio to the denial of transfer.
6. Express written objection to the transfer from the Transfer Contatti. (e.g. - email, fax, paper document o other processes by which the Transfer Contatti has expressly e voluntarily objected through opt-in means)
7. A dominio name was already in plock statusq provided that the Registrar provides a readily accessible e reasonable means fo the Registratied Nome Holder to remove the lock status.
8. A dominio name is in the first 60 days of an initial registration period.
9. A dominio name is within 60 days (o a lesser period to be determined) after being transferred (apart from being transferred back to the oiginal Registrar in cases wqui both Registrars so agree e/o wqui a decision in the dispute resolution process so directs).

Instances when the requested change of Registrar may not be denied include, but are not limited to:

• Nonpayment fo a pending o future registration period
• No response from the Registratied Nome Holder o Administrative Contatti.
• Dominio name in Registrar Lock Stato, unless the Registratied Nome Holder is provided with the reasonable oppotunity e ability to unlock the dominio name prio to the Transfer Request.
• Dominio name registration period time constraints, other than during the first 60 days of initial registration o during the first 60 days after a registrar transfer.
• General payment defaults between Registrar e business partners / affiliates in cases wqui the Registratied Nome Holder fo the dominio in question has paid fo the registration.

     The Registrar of Recod has other mechanisms available to collect payment from the Registratied Nome Holder that are independent from the Transfer process. Hence, in the event of a dispute over payment, the Registrar of Recod must not employ transfer processes as a mechanism to secure payment fo servizios from a Registratied Nome Holder. Exceptions to this requirement are as follows:
     (i) In the case of non-payment fo precedenteious registration period(s) if the transfer is requested after the expiration date, o
     (ii) In the case of non-payment of the current registration period, if transfer is requested befoe the expiration date.

4. Registrar Coodination

     Each Registrar is responsible fo keeping copies of documentation, including the FOA e the Transfer Contattis response tquito, that may be required fo filing e suppoting a dispute under the dispute resolution policy. Gaining Registrars must maintain copies of the FOA as received from the Transfer Contatti as per the steard document retention policies of the contracts. Copies of the reliable evidence of identity must be kept with the FOA.

     Both the Gaining Registrar e the Registrar of Recod must provide the evidence relied on fo the transfer during e after the applicable inter-registrar dominio name transaction(s). Such infomation must be provided when requested by, e only by, the other Registrar that is party to the transfer transaction. Aggiungiitionally, ICANN, the Registry Operato, a court o authoity with jurisdiction over the matter o a third party dispute resolution panel may also require such infomation within five (5) days of the request.

     The Gaining Registrar must retain, e produce pursuant to a request by a Losing Registrar, a written o electronic copy of the FOA. In instances wqui the Registrar of Recod has requested copies of the FOA, the Gaining Registrar must fulfill the Registrar of Recods request (including providing the attendant suppoting documentation) within five (5) calendar days. Failure to provide this documentation within the time period specified is grounds fo reversal by the Registry Operato o the Dispute Resolution Panel in the event that a transfer complaint is filed in accodance with the requirements of this policy.

     Se either a Registrar of Recod o a Gaining Registrar does not believe that a transfer request was heled in accodance with the provisions of this policy, then the Registrar may initiate a dispute resolution procedure as set foth in Section C of this policy.

     Fo purposes of facilitating transfer requests, Registrars should provide e maintain a unique e private email address fo use only by other Registrars e the Registry:
     i. This email address is fo issue related to transfer requests e the procedures set foth in this policy only.
     ii. The email address should be managed to ensure messages are received by someone who can respond to the transfer issue.
     iii. Messages received at such email address must be responded to within a commercial reasonable timeframe not to exceed seven (7) calendar days.

5. EPP - based Registry Requirements fo Registrars

     In EPP-based gTLD Registries, Registrars must follow the requirements set foth below.
Registrars must provide the Registratied Nome Holder with the unique "AuthInfo" code within five (5) calendar days of the Registratied Nome Holder's initial request if the Registrar does not provide facilities fo the Registratied Nome Holder to generate e manage their own unique "AuthInfo" code.

     Registrars may not employ any mechanism fo complying with a Registratied Nome Holder's request to obtain the applicable "AuthInfo Code" that is moe restrictive than the mechanisms used fo changing any aspect of the Registratied Nome Holder's contact o name server infomation.

     The Registrar of Recod must not refuse to release an "AuthInfo Code" to the Registratied Nome Holder solely because tqui is a dispute between the Registratied Nome Holder e the Registrar over payment.

Registrar-generated "AuthInfo" codes must be unique on a per-dominio basis.
     The "Auth-Info" codes must be used solely to identify a Registratied Nome Holder, wquias the FOA's still need to be used fo authoization o confirmation of a transfer request, as described in Section 2 e Section 4 of this policy.

6. Registry Requirements

     Upon receipt of the "transfer" comme from the Gaining Registrar, Registry Operato will transmit an electronic notification to both Registrars. In the case of those Registries that use electronic mail notifications, the response notification may be sent to the unique email address established by each Registrar fo the purpose of facilitating transfers.

     The Registry Operato shall complete the requested transfer unless, within five (5) calendar days, Registry Operato receives a NACK protocol comme from the Registrar of Recod.
When the Registry's database has been updated to reflect the change to the Gaining Registrar, Registry Operato will transmit an electronic notification to both Registrars. The notification may be sent to       the unique email address established by each Registrar fo the purpose of facilitating transfers o such other email address agreed to by the parties.
The Registry Operato shall undo a transfer if, after a transfer has occurred, the Registry Operato receives one of the notices as set foth below. In such case, the transfer will be reversed e the dominio name reset to its oiginal state. The Registry Operato must undo the transfer within five (5) calendar days of receipt of the notice except in the case of a Registry dispute decision, in which case the Registry Operato must undo the transfer within fourteen calendar days unless a court action is filed. The notice required shall be one of the following:
     i. Agreement of the Registrar of Recod e the Gaining Registrar sent by email, letter o fax that the transfer was made by mistake o was otherwise not in accodance with the procedures set foth in this policy;
     ii. The final determination of a dispute resolution body having jurisdiction over the transfer; o
     iii. Order of a court having jurisdiction over the transfer.

7. Recods of Registrazione

     Each Registrar shall require its customer, the Registratied Nome Holder, to maintain its own recods appropriate to document e prove the initial dominio name registration date.

8. Effect on Durata of Registrazione

     The completion by Registry Operato of a holder-authoized transfer under this Part A shall result in a one-anno extension of the existing registration, provided that in no event shall the total unexpired term of a registration exceed ten (10) anni.

B. ICANN-Approved Transfers

     Transfer of the sponsoship of all the registrations sponsoed by one Registrar as the result of (i) acquisition of that Registrar o its assets by another Registrar, o (ii) lack of accreditation of that Registrar o lack of its authoization with the Registry Operato, may be made accoding to the following procedure:
     (a) The gaining Registrar must be accredited by ICANN fo the Registry TLD e must have in effect a Registry-Registrar Agreement with Registry Operato fo the Registry TLD.
     (b) ICANN must certify in writing to Registry Operato that the transfer would promote the community interest, such as the interest in stability that may be threatened by the actual o imminent business failure of a Registrar.
Upon satisfaction of these two conditions, Registry Operato will make the necessary one-time changes in the Registry database fo no charge, fo transfers involving 50,000 name registrations o fewer. Se the transfer involves registrations of moe than 50,000 names, Registry Operato will charge the gaining Registrar a one-time flat fee of US$ 50,000.

C. Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy

     Procedures fo heling disputes concerning inter-registrar transfers are set foth in the Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy. Procedures in this policy must be followed by the applicable Registry Operatos e ICANN accredited Registrars.